Cleveland Indians' Tito Francona - Red Sox manager Terry's dad - made a run at .400 in 1959

Cleveland Indians' Tito Francona - Red Sox manager Terry's dad - made a run at .400 in 1959
by Mike Peticca, The Plain Dealer
Friday August 21, 2009, 7:08 PM

Cleveland Press Archives
Tito Francona gives some bunting tips to area youngsters while he was a star player for the Cleveland Indians.
About three weeks before the 1959 season began, the Cleveland Indians traded future Hall of Fame outfielder Larry Doby to the Detroit Tigers for a little-known outfielder-first baseman, Tito Francona.

Doby, 35, was nearing the end of a major league career that began on July 5, 1947. It doesn't matter that in his debut, he struck out as a pinch-hitter in the Indians' 6-5 loss to the White Sox in Chicago's storied Comiskey Park.

The significance of Doby's appearance, then and now, is that he became the first African-American to play in the American League. Jackie Robinson, the legendary Brooklyn Dodger, had broken major league baseball's color barrier on April 15 of that season.

Nearly eight weeks after being swapped for Francona, the White Sox purchased Doby from Detroit, and he completed his final season. Francona, meanwhile, was a spare part early in the season for a team that made a serious, though futile, run for the pennant; Cleveland's last genuine pennant bid until the strike-ending 1994 season, and then the 1995 American League championship campaign.


Associated Press
Cleveland Indians outfielder Larry Doby in Chicago's Comiskey Park on July 5, 1947, the day he became the first African-American to play in the American League.Through June 5, Francona - used primarily as a pinch-hitter - was 6 of 23 (.261). He was more busy at home. His wife had given birth to a son, Terry, on April 22. Terry Francona became a major leaguer, too, including a one-year stint (1988) with the Indians, and is the manager who has guided the Boston Red Sox to two World Series championships.

The Indians' volatile center fielder, Jimmy Piersall, struggled through the first two months of the 1959 season, prompting Tribe manager Joe Gordon to give the friendly yet competitive Francona, 25, a chance.

Tito comes through

Francona took full advantage. The left-handed hitter stroked 22 hits in his next 62 at bats, a .355 stretch that boosted his season average to .329.

Then, Francona really got hot. From June 25 through August 4, he batted .471, with 64 hits in 136 at bats, with 10 doubles, a triple, eight home runs and 37 runs batted in. His batting average was .416. He had peaked at .417 on August 2, but lost a point when he was 2-of-5 with a triple, homer and four RBI in the Indians' 8-2 win over the Washington Senators on August 4.

The smooth-swinging Francona couldn't maintain his remarkable pace, although he batted a solid .298 (53-of-178) the rest of the way to finish at .363. His last .400 batting average was going into the game of August 11. Nagging injuries didn't help Francona, and he was especially hampered during a 5-of-39 slump from September 9-18, dropping his average from .391 to .364.

That's the rule

Given the limited information resources, following baseball was quite different for fans when Francona flirted with 400. Tens of thousands of Indians fans, maybe, believed during the season's final days that Francona could at least win the batting title. Many were unaware that in the mid-1950's, baseball had changed its qualifying rule for official league leadership.


A 1961 Topps baseball card of Indians outfielder Tito Francona.Before, a player needed 400 official at bats to qualify. Baseball, though, changed the rule to a minimum of 3.1 plate appearances per games played by the individual's team. Thus, when a team played all of the 154 games it was scheduled for, 477 plate appearances were necessary for a player to qualify as the batting champion. For a batter, his walks, hit by pitches, sacrifice flies and sacrifice bunts do not count as official at bats, but they do count as plate appearances.

Francona finished with 145 hits in 399 at bats. Those unfamiliar with the rule change thought Francona, with 398 official at bats, needed just two more to qualify for the batting title going into Cleveland's final two games. Fans listening to Jimmy Dudley and Bob Neal announce the games on radio wondered what Gordon - who entered the Hall of Fame this summer as a former Indians' and Yankees' playing great - was doing, as he gave Francona just one more at bat in those last two games. What they didn't understand was that Francona needed an impossible 35 more plate appearances to qualify; he finished 34 short, with 443.

Ironically, the rule change from a required 400 official at bats to 477 plate appearances was prompted in part by the last batting championship for a Cleveland Indian. Second baseman Bobby Avila won the title in 1954, when he batted .341 for the American League champion Indians. The 400-at bat rule denied Ted Williams the title.

One of the sport's all-time greatest hitters and a six-time batting champion, Williams hit .345 in 1954. He totaled 526 plate appearances, but just 386 official at bats, so the title went to Avila. Fearful pitchers walked Williams 136 times. The rule, essentially, penalized Williams for his greatness. Williams is the last player to bat .400, hitting .406 in 1941.

Things change


Plain Dealer file photo
Star outfielder Rocky Colavito pictured at some time during his first stint with the Indians.The 1959 Indians finished 89-65, in second place, five games behind the White Sox. That last game of their season turned out to be a good-bye of sorts for two Cleveland legends. Outfielder Rocky Colavito was traded to the Tigers and pitcher Herb Score sent to the White Sox just prior to the 1960 campaign, as Indians general manager Frank "The Trader" Lane continued a trading spree that impacted the franchise for years.

Ironically, Colavito was dealt for Detroit outfielder Harvey Kuenn. Instead of Francona winning the 1959 batting title, it was Kuenn. His .353 average was 10 points south of Francona's, but he exceeded the 502-plate appearance requirement with 617.

Colavito returned to the Indians in a trade prior to the 1965 season. Score began a 34-year career as a radio/television announcer of Indians games in 1964.

Remembering

To recognize the 50-year anniversary of the event, The Plain Dealer's Bill Lubinger wrote earlier this summer about Colavito's four-homer game of June 10, 1959. Click here for his story and a video of him being interviewed about the story by The Plain Dealer's Mike McIntyre.

Score passed away last November 11. To read former Plain Dealer sports writer Bob Dolgan's story about Score's life and passing, with numerous photos and links to other Plain Dealer stories about Score, click here.

John Patsy "Tito" Francona, now 75, played five more years with the Indians. His next three seasons after 1959 were superb, especially 1960, when he led the league in doubles (36), and 1961, when he hit .301 and was named to the American League all-star team. The Indians sold Francona to the St. Louis Cardinals following the 1964 season, and he played for four other teams before closing his career